Sains Malaysiana 53(10)(2024): 3279-3288

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5310-04

Komposisi Isotop Radiogenik Pb Longgokan Emas Orogeni Bufffalo Reef, Pahang, Malaysia: Implikasi terhadap Genesis Bijih

(Radiogenic Pb Isotope Composition of the Buffalo Reef Orogenic Gold Deposit, Pahang, Malaysia: Implications for Ore Genesis)

MAZLINFALINA MOHD ZIN^1,*, MOHD BASRIL ISWADI BASORI¹, HABIBAH JAMIL¹ & NASIRUDIN YUSOFF²

¹Jabatan Sains Bumi dan Alam Sekitar, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Pejabat Dekan, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 19 Mei 2024/Diterima: 11 Julai 2024

Abstrak

Longgokan emas Buffalo Reef di Jalur Tengah Semenanjung Malaysia merupakan longgokan jenis orogeni yang berkongsi banyak cirian geologi dengan longgokan emas orogeni lain di rantau ini. Batuan perumah di Buffalo Reef didominasi oleh batuan sedimen iaitu syal, syal berkarbon, batu lodak, batu lumpur, batuan metamorf gred rendah (sabak) dan batuan volkanik.   Komposisi isotop Pb bagi sulfida di dalam telerang kuarza dan batuan perumah daripada longgokan emas Buffalo Reef dilaporkan dalam kajian ini sebagai salah satu kaedah untuk menentukan sumber larutan pembentuk bijih, julat sempadan usia (modal age) dan sekitaran tektonik. Hasil kajian ini kemudiannya disepadukan dengan gambaran keseluruhan sekitaran geodinamik serantau, untuk lebih memahami tentang genesis longgokan emas orogeni di rantau ini. Empat mineral stibnit di dalam telerang kuarza memberikan julat nisbah ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb daripada 18.5953 hingga 18.6318, nisbah ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb antara 15.6564 dan 15.6910 dan nisbah ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb sekitar 38.6378 hingga 38.7503. Sementara itu, nisbah untuk ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb dan ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb bagi satu mineral stibnit daripada batuan perumah ialah 18.6215, 15.6242 dan 38.6132. Secara keseluruhannya, nilai data isotop Pb yang terkandung oleh mineral stibnit di dalam telerang kuarza adalah agak kecil dan menunjukkan persamaan dengan nilai isotop Pb yang terkandung oleh mineral stibnit di dalam batuan perumah. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa sumber utama Pb dalam larutan hidroterma pemineralan di Buffalo Reef berasal daripada percampuran Pb kerak atas dengan Pb daripada sumber igneus/mantel yang terbentuk di sekitaran tektonik subduksi-perlanggaran yang membentuk jalur orogeni. Perbandingan data isotop Pb dalam longgokan emas Buffalo Reef dengan beberapa longgokan emas orogeni di Semenanjung Malaysia menunjukkan nilai isotop Pb dan sekitaran tektonik yang konsisten dan seragam serta semuanya berada dalam julat umur modal 0-200 juta tahun. Penemuan ini selaras dengan kejadian longgokan emas orogeni di Buffalo Reef dan longgokan emas orogeni lain di rantau ini yang terbentuk terutamanya di sepanjang sempadan kerak menumpu bagi jalur orogeni perlanggaran.

Kata kunci: Buffalo Reef; emas orogeni; genesis; isotop Pb; Semenanjung Malaysia

Abstract

The Buffalo Reef gold deposit in the Central Belt of Peninsular Malaysia is an orogenic deposit type that shares many geologic features with other orogenic gold deposits in this region. The host rocks in the Buffalo Reef are dominated by sedimentary rocks, which are shale, carbonaceous shale, siltstone, mudstone, low-grade metamorphic rock (slate), and volcanic rocks. The Pb isotope compositions of sulfides in quartz veins and host rocks from the Buffalo Reef deposit are reported in this study as an attempt to constrain the source of the ore-forming fluids, modal age and tectonic setting. These results are then integrated with an overview of the regional geodynamic setting to advance understanding of the genesis of the orogenic gold deposits in this region. Four stibnite minerals in quartz veins yield ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios ranging from 18.5953 to 18.6318, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios between 15.6564 and 15.6910, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios around 38.6378 to 38.7503. Meanwhile, the ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios for one stibnite mineral from the host rock are 18.6215, 15.6242, and 38.6132, respectively. Overall, the isotopic Pb data values contained by the stibnite mineral in quartz veins are relatively small and exhibit consistency with the isotopic Pb values contained by the stibnite mineral in the host rock. The results suggest that the primary source of Pb in the hydrothermal mineralizing solution at Buffalo Reef originates from the mixing of Pb from the upper crust with Pb from igneous/mantle sources formed in the vicinity of subduction-collision tectonic settings that form orogenic belts. Comparison of Pb isotopic data in the Buffalo Reef deposit with several orogenic gold deposits in Peninsular Malaysia shows a consistent and uniform pattern of Pb isotopic values and tectonic settings, all falling within the modal ages range of 0-200 million years. These findings are consistent with the formation of the orogenic gold deposit at Buffalo Reef and other orogenic gold deposits in the region that form primarily along convergent plate margins of the collisional orogenic belt.

Keywords: Buffalo Reef; genesis; Pb isotope; Peninsular Malaysia; orogenic gold

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